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目录 contents

    摘要

    基于网络药理学,通过国内外文献检索获取柿果中的化合物,采用Swiss target prediction数据库对化合物进行潜在靶点垂钓以探讨柿果的药理功能定位及作用机制。以Cytoscape软件构建化合物-靶点网络,靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类网络,同时对靶点进行蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络构建,采用DAVID数据库对靶点进行通路富集分析。本研究共收集到柿果中16个化合物,可作用于68个靶点,这些靶点主要作用于心血管疾病、神经精神性疾病等。PPI网络图包含84个节点,226条边,其中degree值排前10的关键蛋白分别为ERS1、PGS2、MMP2、TIMP1、MMP9、MMP1、AR、SLC6A3、PRKCB、CYP19A1。上述靶点可调节氮素代谢、血清素能突触以及TRP通道炎症介质的调节等信号通路。本研究为阐明柿果的药理功能定位及其作用机制研究提供了可靠的依据。

    Abstract

    To investigate the pharmacological function localization and action mechanism of persimmon fruit based on network pharmacology, compounds in persimmon fruits were obtained by searching domestic and foreign literatures. The potential targets were predicted by Swiss target prediction database. Species were screened as potential targets for human beings. Compound-target network, target-disease name-disease classification network and PPI network of target protein were constructed by Cytoscape software. Pathway enrichment analysis of target was carried out using DAVID database. A total of 16 compounds were collected from persimmon fruits, which could act on 68 targets. Disease types are mainly related to cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases, and other diseases. Protein-protein interaction network (PPI) network graph contains 84 nodes and 226 edges.The top 10 degree values of proteins are ERS1, PGS2, MMP2, TIMP1, MMP9, MMP1, AR, SLC6A3, PRKCB and CYP19A1. Persimmon fruits may have therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases by nitrogen metabolism, serotonergic synapse and inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channel pathways. This study provides a reliable basis for elucidating the pharmacological function localization and action mechanism of action of persimmon fruits.

  • 0 引 言

    柿 (Diospyros kaki L.) 为柿树科 (Ebenaceae) 柿树属 (Diospyros)多年生落叶果树,在全国各地被广为栽培,且以北方地区栽培居多,主产地在山东、山西、河北等[1]。柿果为柿科植物的成熟果实,霜降至立冬间采摘,经脱涩红熟。《滇南本草图说》中记载柿果作为一种药食两用资源,营养价值很高,享有“果中圣品”之誉,具有多种保健功[2],还具有较高的药用价[3,4]。早在南朝,著名医学家陶弘景在《名医别录》认为:“柿果性味甘涩,微寒,无毒。可清热润肺,化痰止咳,主治咳嗽、热渴、吐血和口疮”。明代《本草纲目》中也提及:“柿乃脾肺血分之果也。其味甘而气甲,性涩而能收,故有健脾、涩肠、治嗽、止血之功”。归纳起来,中医认为柿果性味甘、寒,涩,无毒,具有润肺化痰、清热生津等功效。现代研究发现柿果果实中富含与抗氧化活性有关的成分,如总酚、总黄酮等,其中总酚含量占1.2%,总类黄酮占1.09%[5]。现代医学研究发现,柿果有清热滑肠、降压止血等作用,临床对高血压、痔疮出血、有便秘倾向者效果较[6];此外,柿果还可促进血液中乙醇的氧化,有解酒毒之功效;柿果浸出液穴位注射可治疗慢性气管炎,总有效率可以达到96.7%[6]。以色列科学家研究表明,柿果多酚可通过调节机体脂代谢减轻高脂血症,预防动脉粥样硬[7]。由于柿果的功效众多,但是其关键功效不清楚,药用价值定位不准,导致其临床实践应用不明确。故明确柿果的药理功能定位和作用机制显得更加重要。

    网络药理学是在系统生物学与计算机技术高速发展的基础上发展起来的,在基于“成分-疾病-靶点-通路”相互作用网络的基础上,通过网络比较分析,系统观察药物对靶点和疾病网络的干预与影响,揭示多分子药物协同作用于人体的机制从而挖掘新的药理机[8,9]。这与中医学从整体的角度去诊治疾病的理论,中药的多成分,多途径,多靶点协同作用的原理具有相似之处,为中医现代化提供新的思[10]。目前网络药理学已被广泛地用于中药作用机制研究。任莹璐[11]采用网络药理学的方法构建了芪参颗粒治疗心血管疾病的“成分-靶点调控网络”,阐明了其作用机制。郑春松[12]从网络药理学角度揭示了白芍活性分子群可作用于MAPK、JNK、P13K-AKT信号通路,发挥抑制炎症和骨破坏作用,从而达到治疗类风湿关节炎的药效。本研究将基于网络药理学的研究思路与方法,构建柿果“化合物-靶点-疾病”网络,预测柿果的药理功能定位及作用机制,为柿果今后的药理功能研究与应用提供科学依据。

  • 1 方法及数据来源

  • 1.1 柿果化合物的收集

    本研究通过国内外文献检索,如通过中文期刊数据库SinoMed (http://www.sinomed.ac.cn)、中国知网、万方、美国国家医学图书馆提供的PubMed (http://pubmed.com.cutestat.com)和TCMSP (http://lsp.nwu.edu.cn/tcmsp.php)等数据库,收集柿果中分离得到的化合物。再利用Pubchem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)、Chemical Book(http://www.chemicalbook.com)和ADMETlab (http://admet.scbdd.com)等数据库平台对其分子结构进行确证,最后采用ChemBioDraw 13.0软件绘制分子结构,优化化学结构后统一保存为“sdf”格式文件。

  • 1.2 柿果化合物潜在靶点预测

    通过Swiss target prediction (http://www.swiss targetprediction.ch/)数据库对化合物进行潜在靶点预测,同时筛选物种为“人”的对应潜在靶点。

  • 1.3 柿果化合物-靶点网络构建与分析

    采用Cytoscape 3.6.1软件,将化合物与靶点对应关系的ExceL数据构建“化合物-靶点”网络,进一步以Network analysis插件对网络特征指标度(degree)和介数(Betweenness)进行分析。

  • 1.4 柿果靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类构建与分析

    在获得上述潜在靶点的基础上,将靶点蛋白导入CTD数据库(https://ctdbase.org/tools/batchQuery.go)中进行相互关联疾病的分析,查询靶点关联的疾病,并采用OMIM数据库对其进行分类和归纳,最后采用Cytoscape 3.6.1软件,构建“靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类”网络,筛选柿果作用的主要疾病。

  • 1.5 柿果作用靶点蛋白PPI网络构建与分析

    将Swiss target prediction平台筛选得到的靶点蛋白合并后去冗余,将这些靶点导入STRING (https://string-db.org)数据库中,获取靶点之间的相互作用数据,然后导入Cytoscape 3.6.1软件,构建柿果潜在作用靶点的蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图,利用Analyze network工具对网络进行分析,采用Generate style from statistics工具根据degree值的大小对靶点的大小和颜色进行设置,完善PPI网络图。

  • 1.6 柿果靶点蛋白的KEGG通路富集分析

    为进一步分析潜在作用靶点参与的主要信号通路,本研究采用DAVID(https://david.ncifcrf.gov)对柿果作用的靶点进行KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)通路富集分析,设定阈值P值<0.05,获取靶点参与的主要信号通路,并使用Omicshare(http://www.omicshare.com/tools/Home/Index/index.html)在线分析平台对富集分析结果进行可视化,解析柿果作用的生物通路,探讨柿果治疗疾病的可能机制。

  • 2 结 果

  • 2.1 柿果化合物的收集

    本研究通过国内外文献检索及各种数据库等共获得与柿果相关的化合物有16个(表1),其结构式如图1所示。

    图1
                            柿果中16个化合物的结构图

    图1 柿果中16个化合物的结构图

    Fig. 1 Structural diagram of 16 compounds in persimmon fruits

    注:C1:紫云英苷;C2:咖啡酸;C3:绿原酸;C4:黄姜素;C5:表儿茶素;C6:没食子儿茶素;C7:表没食子酸;C8:没食子酸;C9:异槲皮苷;C10:番茄红素;C11:槲皮素-3-o-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖;C12:环酸;C13:三叶豆苷;C14:β-胡萝卜素;C15:letutin;C16:黄原黄素

    NOTE: C1:astragalin;C2:caffeic acid;C3:chlorogenic acid;C4:chrysontemin;C5:epicatechin;C6:epigallocatechin;C7:epigallcatechine;C8:gallic acid;C9:isoquercitrin;C10:lycopene;C11:quercetin-3-o-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosid;C12:rotungenic acid;C13:trifolin;C14:β-carotene;C15:letutin;C16:xeaxanthin

    表1 柿果中化合物信息

    Table 1 Information on compounds in persimmon fruits

    编号化合物名称degree值编号化合物名称degree值
    C1紫云英苷(astragalin)13C9异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin)13
    C2咖啡酸(caffeic acid)10C10番茄红素(lycopene)13
    C3绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)12C11

    槲皮素⁃3⁃o⁃β⁃D⁃吡喃葡萄糖基⁃(1⁃6)⁃

    β⁃D⁃吡喃葡萄糖(quercetin⁃3⁃o⁃β⁃D⁃glucopyranosyl⁃(1⁃6)⁃β⁃D⁃glucopyranosid)

    10
    C4黄姜素(chrysontemin)11C12环酸(rotungenic acid)10
    C5表儿茶素(epicatechin)9C13三叶豆苷(trifolin)14
    C6没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)9C14β⁃胡萝卜素(β⁃carotene)14
    C7表没食子酸(epigallcatechine)9C15letutin11
    C8没食子酸(gallic acid)10C16黄原黄素(xeaxanthin)15

    注:degree值代表其作用强度

    NOTE: degree value represents its intensity of action

  • 2.2 柿果化合物-靶点网络构建与分析

    如图2所示,柿叶治疗疾病的“化合物-靶点”网络共有84个节点,包含了16个化合物,68个靶点,degree值越大,化合物节点越多。它们由183条边相连构成一个完整的网络,每条边代表化合物和靶点中的相互作用,平均节点度为2.7,其中degree值排名靠前的化合物有黄原黄素(degree=15)、三叶豆苷 (degree=14)、β-胡萝卜素(degree=14)、紫云英苷 (degree=13) 异槲皮苷 (degree=13)、番茄红素 (degree=13)。

    图2
                            柿果化合物-靶点-网络图

    图2 柿果化合物-靶点-网络图

    Fig. 2 Compound-target-network diagram of persimmon fruit

  • 2.3 柿果靶点-疾病种类-疾病分类构建与分析

    将靶点蛋白导入CTD数据库中进行相关疾病的分析,查询靶点关联的疾病,删除重复项后,列取前30种疾病名称及疾病分类,如表2所示。再采用Cytoscape 3.6.1软件,构建“靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类”网络,如图3所示。前30种疾病主要分布于神经系统疾病,心血管系统疾病等。其中神经系统疾病有阿尔茨海默病(AD)、苯丙胺相关疾病、学习障碍、记忆障碍、运动障碍、癫痫发作、震颤、惊恐障碍、肌阵挛性癫痫、智力障碍;心血管系统疾病有心肌梗塞、心脏肥大、心脏病、高血压、低血压等。

    图3
                            柿果靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类网络图

    图3 柿果靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类网络图

    Fig. 3 Persimmon fruits target-disease name-disease classification network

    表2 柿果潜在作用靶点名称及疾病分类

    Table 2 Names of potential targets for persimmon fruits and classification of diseases

    疾病名称疾病分类疾病ID
    阿尔茨海默病精神障碍、神经系统疾病MESH:D000544
    苯丙胺相关疾病精神障碍、物质相关障碍MESH:D019969
    淀粉样变性代谢性疾病MESH:D000686
    乳腺肿瘤癌症、皮肤病MESH:D001943
    肾癌癌症、泌尿生殖系统疾病(女性)、泌尿生殖系统疾病(男性)MESH:D002292
    生长障碍病理学(过程)MESH:D006130
    学习障碍精神障碍、神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D007859
    肝硬化消化系统疾病MESH:D008106
    记忆障碍神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D008569
    运动障碍神经系统疾病MESH:D009069
    肌营养不良遗传病(先天)、肌肉骨骼疾病、神经系统疾病MESH:D009136
    神经系统疾病神经系统疾病MESH:D009422
    肥胖营养障碍、体征和症状MESH:D009765
    产前损伤妊娠并发症MESH:D049188
    前列腺肿瘤癌症、泌尿生殖系统疾病(男性)MESH:D011471
    癫痫发作神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D012640
    震颤神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D014202
    贫血病理学(过程)MESH:D007511
    实验性肝硬化消化系统疾病MESH:D008106
    心肌梗塞心血管疾病MESH:D009203
    心脏肥大心血管疾病、病理学MESH:D006332
    癫痫神经系统疾病MESH:D004827
    纤维化病理学MESH:D005355
    心脏病心血管疾病MESH:D006331
    高血压心血管疾病MESH:D006973
    低血压心血管疾病MESH:D007022
    惊恐障碍精神障碍MESH:D016584
    发绀体征和症状MESH:D003490
    肌阵挛性癫痫神经系统疾病MESH:C564313
    智力障碍精神障碍、神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D008607
  • 2.4 柿果作用靶点蛋白相互作用网络构建与分析

    对柿果化合物的潜在作用靶点进行合并去冗余后,总共得到68个靶点蛋白,将其导入STRING数据库中,限定物种为人源,获取这68个靶点的相互作用关系,随后将结果导入Cytoscape 3.6.1软件构建PPI网络图,如图4所示。共包括84个节点,226条边,每一个节点表示一个靶点蛋白,节点越大、颜色由红变蓝对应其度值越大;边表示蛋白之间的关联。根据网络拓扑学性质,其中degree值排前10的关键蛋白分别为ESR1、PGS2、MMP2、TIMP1、MMP9、MMP1、AR、SLC6A3、PRKCB、CYP19A1,表明这些靶点蛋白在PPI网络图中的中心度较高,能与多个蛋白发生相互作用,因而是柿果作用的重要靶点。

    图4
                            柿果潜在作用靶点的PPI网络图

    图4 柿果潜在作用靶点的PPI网络图

    Fig. 4 PPI network diagram of potential targets of persimmon fruits

  • 2.5 柿果靶点蛋白的KEGG通路富集分析

    采用DAVID在线分析平台对柿叶作用的68个靶点进行KEGG通路富集分析,结果如图5所示。以Rich factor、P值以及调控通路上的基因个数来衡量KEGG富集程度,其中Rich factor指差异表达的基因中位于该通路条目的基因数目与所有注释基因中位于该通路条目的目的基因总数的比值,且Rich factor越大,富集的程度越大。研究结果发现,靶点主要富集于氮素代谢、血清素能突触以及TRP通道炎症介质的调节这三条信号通路。

    图5
                            信号通路富集气泡图

    图5 信号通路富集气泡图

    Fig. 5 Signal pathway enrichment bubble diagram

  • 3 讨 论

    柿果的药用价值从古沿用至今,但柿果在临床的定位并不明确。因此,深入探索柿果的主要药理功能和作用机制则尤为重要。随着“网络药理学”概念的提出,将其与中药研究结合是目前的研究热点之[13],基于多种数据平台整合化学成分、疾病靶点已有的研究成果,系统地对其所含成分的作用靶点、信号通路及协同作用进行研究,从而明确柿果的主要药理功能和作用机制。

    本研究采用Swiss target prediction数据库对化合物进行潜在靶点筛选,且Swiss target prediction软件是一个经典的软件,在很多中药网络中有应[14]。本文对化合物-靶点网络进行分析,结果发现柿果一系列degree数较高的化合物包括2个萜类,分别为黄原黄素(degree=15)、β-胡萝卜素(degree=14),黄酮类有3个,包括三叶豆苷 (degree=14)、紫云英苷 (degree=13)、异槲皮苷 (degree=13),烯类化合物有1个,为番茄红素 (degree=13)。有研究报道黄原黄素对视网膜有保护作[15]。三叶豆苷对杜氏利什曼原虫所引起的寄生虫病有一定的疗效。杜氏利什曼原虫感染BALB/C小鼠后,小鼠出现脾脏肿大、贫血、消瘦等症状,三叶豆苷可改善这些症[16]。β-胡萝卜素是一种抗氧化剂,膳食摄入可以降低阿尔茨海默病的发病风[17]。紫云英苷具有抗炎作用,研究表明,紫云英苷可通过调节钩端螺旋体感染小鼠子宫和子宫内膜上皮细胞的核转录因子NF-κB和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路,抑制炎症反应,从而防止组织损[18]。异槲皮苷是强大的抗氧化剂,有研究将异槲皮苷预处理后作用于6-羟基多巴胺诱导的大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞中,结果发现对其具有保护作用,且发现异槲皮苷参与泛素途径和多巴胺生物合成的基因编码转录物表达水平的变化,这些也许与帕金森病有[19]。流行病学研究报道,番茄红素可以改善血管功能,有助于心血管疾病一级和二级的预[20],且还能预防前列腺或胃肠道癌[21]。从上述degree值较高的化合物中可以看出其在治疗心血管疾病、癌症、神经系统性疾病、炎症等方面具有优势。

    本研究基于网络药理学的方法对柿果的潜在作用靶点进行挖掘,并根据潜在作用靶点预测柿果的药理学作用机制及其可治疗的主要疾病类型。分析结果表明,柿果中16个化合物可与68个潜在靶点发生互作;PPI网络图展示了所有靶点蛋白的相互作用关系,总共包括84个节点,226条边,可发现靶点间的关联关系,进而通过网络分析获得重要靶点,如本研究通过网络分析发现,中心度较高的靶点有10个,分别为ESR1、PGS2、MMP2、TIMP1、MMP9、MMP1、AR、SLC6A3、PRKCB、CYP19A1等。临床研究发现,ESR1基因突变对乳腺癌进展及内分泌治疗耐药的产生可能发挥重要作[22]。临床研究发现,早期1型糖尿病高危受试者中存在高水平的单核细胞PGS2[23]。研究发现用东莨菪碱来诱导失忆症动物模型出现了海马组织MMP2MMP9下降,提示MMP2MMP9在AD记忆中的积极作[24]。此外MMP9的高表达与TIMP1的低表达与喉鳞癌的发生、发展有关,可用于判断预后及评估淋巴结转移风[25,26]。有学者评估了215例浸润性导管乳腺癌患者的雄激素受体(AR)状态,发现在80%~90%乳腺肿瘤患者细胞中可检测到AR高表达。电泳迁移率变化分析显示,AR与雌激素反应元件(ERE)结合,激活止靶基因,介导17β-雌二醇对乳腺癌细胞的刺激作[27]SLC6A3是帕金森病的候选基因,其在多巴胺能神经传递中起着关键作[28]。有研究采用RT-PCR分析了系统性红斑狼疮患者基因表达水平,发现PRKCB mRNA水平显著升高,且进一步研究发现PRKCB的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)rs16972959与SLE的血管炎具有显著相关[29]。有研究对5 528名骨关节炎(OA)患者和2 381名对照者的CYP19A1单核苷酸多态性进行了基因分型,结果发现CYP19A1(rs1062033基因型)单核苷酸多态性与OA风险相[30]

    本研究采用在线分析系统DAVID进行KEGG通路富集分析,发现网络中的核心靶点主要富集于3个通路:氮素代谢、血清素能突触以及TRP通道炎症介质的调节。其中后2条通路与神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病最为密切。有研究发现血清素能突触是精神分裂症病理生理学中的主要神经调节剂,可通过增加cAMP水平而增强苔藓纤维突触传递,且苔藓纤维突触处的单胺能调节改变或许是精神分裂症患者海马依赖性脑功能损害的一个候选病理生理学基[31]。血清素能突触通常用于治疗抑郁症、焦虑症、强迫症和各种恐慌性恐惧[32],且其与神经退行性疾病和帕金森病等神经系统疾病密切相[33]。TRP通道炎症介质的调节是炎症介导通路,很多炎症介质(如补体、细胞因子、活性氧等)都与神经系统疾病和心血管系统疾病有关。有研究发现白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的产生会导致IL-6和C反应蛋白水平的增加,可能是胆固醇晶体在血管壁内早期沉积与巨噬细胞-单核细胞相互作用之间的机械联系,从而引发脂肪条纹并促进局部动脉粥样硬化的发[34]。虽然炎症本身也许不会引起疾病,但它对周围神经系统的疾病(神经性疼痛、纤维肌痛)和中枢神经系统的疾病(如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化症、运动神经元病、缺血和创伤性脑损伤、抑郁症和自闭症谱系障碍)发病机制起着重要作[35]

    综上所述,本研究基于网络药理学对柿果进行药理功能定位及其作用机制研究,在现有的化合物及其作用靶点的研究成果基础上对柿果的化合物进行潜在作用靶点预测,具有较高的准确性,通过化合物-靶点网络构建、靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类网络构建、靶点蛋白相互作用网络构建、KEGG通路富集分析等一系列整合网络,结果均显示柿果具有潜在的治疗神经系统疾病、心血管系统疾病等功效,但仍需进一步的药理学实验验证。本研究揭示了柿果多化合物、多靶点、协同作用的药理特点,为今后进一步的药理功能定位及其作用机制研究与应用奠定了基础。

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刘方

机 构:遵义医学院 基础医学院,贵州 遵义563000

Affiliation:Basic Medical School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China

邮 箱:m17375715525@163.com

作者简介:刘方(1989-),女,硕士生,研究方向:中药作用机理研究。E-mail:m17375715525@163.com

段灿灿

机 构:遵义医学院 基础药理教育部重点实验室暨特色民族药教育部国际合作联合实验室,贵州 遵义563003

Affiliation:Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China

李晓飞

机 构:遵义医学院 基础药理教育部重点实验室暨特色民族药教育部国际合作联合实验室,贵州 遵义563003

Affiliation:Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou, China

晏仁义

机 构:天津益倍元天然产物技术有限公司,天津 300457

Affiliation:Tianjin Ubasic-Ingredient Natural Products Co, Ltd, Tianjin 300457, China

张建永

机 构:遵义医学院 基础医学院,贵州 遵义563000

Affiliation:Basic Medical School, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou, China

角 色:通讯作者

Role:Corresponding author

邮 箱:zhangjianyong2006@126.com

作者简介:张建永(1983-),男,博士,副教授,研究方向:中药学。E-mail:zhangjianyong2006@126.com

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编号化合物名称degree值编号化合物名称degree值
C1紫云英苷(astragalin)13C9异槲皮苷(isoquercitrin)13
C2咖啡酸(caffeic acid)10C10番茄红素(lycopene)13
C3绿原酸(chlorogenic acid)12C11

槲皮素⁃3⁃o⁃β⁃D⁃吡喃葡萄糖基⁃(1⁃6)⁃

β⁃D⁃吡喃葡萄糖(quercetin⁃3⁃o⁃β⁃D⁃glucopyranosyl⁃(1⁃6)⁃β⁃D⁃glucopyranosid)

10
C4黄姜素(chrysontemin)11C12环酸(rotungenic acid)10
C5表儿茶素(epicatechin)9C13三叶豆苷(trifolin)14
C6没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin)9C14β⁃胡萝卜素(β⁃carotene)14
C7表没食子酸(epigallcatechine)9C15letutin11
C8没食子酸(gallic acid)10C16黄原黄素(xeaxanthin)15
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疾病名称疾病分类疾病ID
阿尔茨海默病精神障碍、神经系统疾病MESH:D000544
苯丙胺相关疾病精神障碍、物质相关障碍MESH:D019969
淀粉样变性代谢性疾病MESH:D000686
乳腺肿瘤癌症、皮肤病MESH:D001943
肾癌癌症、泌尿生殖系统疾病(女性)、泌尿生殖系统疾病(男性)MESH:D002292
生长障碍病理学(过程)MESH:D006130
学习障碍精神障碍、神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D007859
肝硬化消化系统疾病MESH:D008106
记忆障碍神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D008569
运动障碍神经系统疾病MESH:D009069
肌营养不良遗传病(先天)、肌肉骨骼疾病、神经系统疾病MESH:D009136
神经系统疾病神经系统疾病MESH:D009422
肥胖营养障碍、体征和症状MESH:D009765
产前损伤妊娠并发症MESH:D049188
前列腺肿瘤癌症、泌尿生殖系统疾病(男性)MESH:D011471
癫痫发作神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D012640
震颤神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D014202
贫血病理学(过程)MESH:D007511
实验性肝硬化消化系统疾病MESH:D008106
心肌梗塞心血管疾病MESH:D009203
心脏肥大心血管疾病、病理学MESH:D006332
癫痫神经系统疾病MESH:D004827
纤维化病理学MESH:D005355
心脏病心血管疾病MESH:D006331
高血压心血管疾病MESH:D006973
低血压心血管疾病MESH:D007022
惊恐障碍精神障碍MESH:D016584
发绀体征和症状MESH:D003490
肌阵挛性癫痫神经系统疾病MESH:C564313
智力障碍精神障碍、神经系统疾病、体征和症状MESH:D008607
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图1 柿果中16个化合物的结构图

Fig. 1 Structural diagram of 16 compounds in persimmon fruits

表1 柿果中化合物信息

Table 1 Information on compounds in persimmon fruits

图2 柿果化合物-靶点-网络图

Fig. 2 Compound-target-network diagram of persimmon fruit

图3 柿果靶点-疾病名称-疾病分类网络图

Fig. 3 Persimmon fruits target-disease name-disease classification network

表2 柿果潜在作用靶点名称及疾病分类

Table 2 Names of potential targets for persimmon fruits and classification of diseases

图4 柿果潜在作用靶点的PPI网络图

Fig. 4 PPI network diagram of potential targets of persimmon fruits

图5 信号通路富集气泡图

Fig. 5 Signal pathway enrichment bubble diagram

image /

C1:紫云英苷;C2:咖啡酸;C3:绿原酸;C4:黄姜素;C5:表儿茶素;C6:没食子儿茶素;C7:表没食子酸;C8:没食子酸;C9:异槲皮苷;C10:番茄红素;C11:槲皮素-3-o-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖;C12:环酸;C13:三叶豆苷;C14:β-胡萝卜素;C15:letutin;C16:黄原黄素

C1:astragalin;C2:caffeic acid;C3:chlorogenic acid;C4:chrysontemin;C5:epicatechin;C6:epigallocatechin;C7:epigallcatechine;C8:gallic acid;C9:isoquercitrin;C10:lycopene;C11:quercetin-3-o-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-β-D-glucopyranosid;C12:rotungenic acid;C13:trifolin;C14:β-carotene;C15:letutin;C16:xeaxanthin

degree值代表其作用强度

degree value represents its intensity of action

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