| 摘要: |
| [摘要] 以12份天麻种质为材料，分析箭麻、花期、自交及杂交F1代农艺性状，为天麻种质资源筛选及品种选育提供参考。统计箭麻的农艺性状，对12份天麻种质进行自交和杂交实验，分析F0代、自交及杂交F1代的种子和白麻性状。不同天麻种质表现出的性状差异明显，麻型上，红天麻的长宽比为1.94~2.50，麻型偏细长，而乌天麻长宽比1.82~2.07，麻型偏短粗；抽薹时间上，乌天麻最早，红天麻次之，不同种质的抽薹速度都符合 Logistics 生长曲线；云南昭通血天麻花茎最长且较粗，而果荚数量居中下水平，湖北宜昌红天麻花茎相对较短，而果荚数量最多；以乌天麻变型为母本、安徽红天麻为父本的杂交F1代果荚颜色更偏向父本，以血天麻变型为母本、安徽红天麻为父本的杂交F1代颜色更偏向母本，杂交F1代种子性状呈现遗传母本的规律；云南禄劝血天麻为母本的杂交F1代种子活力达到了98%以上；不同来源乌、绿和血天麻为母本的杂交F1代白麻形状靠近父本安徽红天麻的细长条型，不同来源红天麻为母本的杂交F1代白麻形状都靠近父本云南昭通乌天麻的圆润饱满。以安徽红天麻为母本、云南昭通乌天麻为父本的杂交F1代种子性状表现出显著优势，云南禄劝血天麻为母本、安徽红天麻为父本杂交F1代种子活力显著最高，四川红天麻为母本、云南昭通乌天麻为父本杂交F1代白麻相对自交形态圆润饱满，有利于培育优良性状的杂交商品麻，可为天麻种质资源的创新和杂交育种提供科学支撑。 |
| 关键词: 天麻 种质资源 农艺性状 自交 杂交 种子活力 |
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| Analysis of fruit and seedling agronomic characters of different germplasm resources and self-pollinated and hybrid offsprings of Gastrodia elata |
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ZhangBing-bing, LiuFan, 李晓华, 刘大会
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School of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
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| Abstract: |
| [Abstract] Using 12 germplasm resources of Gastrodia elata as materials, this study analyzes the agronomic traits of above germplasms during mature tuber stage, flowering stage, along with the self-pollinated and hybrid generations F1 in order to provide a reference for the screening germplasm resources and varieties breeding of G. elata. Agronomic traits of mature tuber were recorded, and self-pollination and hybridization experiments were conducted on these 12 germplasm resources of G. elata . The traits of the F0 generation, as well as those of the self-pollinated and hybrid F1 generations, were analyzed. The 12 germplasms of G. elata exhibited obvious differences in traits, In terms of tuber’s type, Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata type was slender, with the ratio of length to width ranging from 1.94 to 2.50, while Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow type was short and thick, with the ratio ranging from 1.82 to 2.07. In terms of bolting time, Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow bolted earliest, followed by Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata, The bolting speed of these germplasms followed the Logistic growth curve. The G. elata with blood-colored scape, which was original from Zhaotong, had the longest and thicker scape, while the number of fruit pods was below the medium level, Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Yichang had a shorter scape and the largest number of fruit pods. The fruit pod color of the hybrid F1, with Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Anhui serving as male parent, was more inclined to the male parent. The hybrid F1, which used Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata （blood-colored scape type）serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Anhui serving as male parent, was more inclined to the female parent than the self-pollination. The characteristics of the seeds in the hybrid F1 showed the rule of inherited maternal traits. The seed vitality of hybrid F1, which used Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata (blood-colored scape type) as female parent, reached more than 98%. The hybrid F1 immature tuber of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow, Gastrodia elata Bl. f. viridis makino and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata （blood-colored scape type） from different origins, which serving as female parent, was close to the male parent Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Anhui slender strip, The Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata hybrid F1 type from different origins, which serving as female parent, was close to the male parent Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow from Zhaotong and showed rounded and full shape. The hybrid F1 with Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Anhui serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow from Zhaotong serving as male parent showed significant advantages in seed traits among all hybrid combinations. The seed vigor of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata （blood-colored scape type） from Luquan serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Anhui serving as male parent was the highest. The immature tuber F1 with the smallest ratio of length to width after hybridization of Gastrodia elata Bl. f. elata from Sichuan serving as female parent and Gastrodia elata Bl. f. glauca S. Chow from Zhaotong serving as male parent was rounded and full, which was conducive to the cultivation of hybrid commercial flax, this provides scientific support for germplasm innovation and hybrid breeding. |
| Key words: Gastrodia elata Germplasm resources Agronomic traits Self-pollination Hybridization Seed vitality |
