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| 五种胡蜂预蛹营养成分及其部分生物活性物质分析 |
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王迪1, 李静1, 解道豪1, 李亚辉1, 熊婷1, 杨志月1, 李志涛1, 黄国忠2, 李琦华1, 杨明华1
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1.云南农业大学;2.龙陵县黄氏蜂业有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 为了明确云南的凹纹胡蜂(Vespa velutina auraria Smith)、黑盾胡蜂（Vespa bicolor Fabricius）、大胡蜂（Vespa magnifica Smith）、黑尾胡蜂（Vespa ducalis Smith）和特有的夜食胡蜂（Provespa barthelemyi Buysson）预蛹的营养成分和部分生物活性物质，本研究从云南省保山市龙陵县境内收集了五种胡蜂预蛹时期的蜂蛹，测定蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养物质和部分生物活性物质，以期了解胡蜂预蛹的营养组成、部分生物活性物质含量及种间差异。结果表明：胡蜂预蛹水分含量在72.65 %~73.58 %，黑盾胡蜂水分含量最高，显著高于其余四种胡蜂（P<0.05）。干物质中脂肪含量在20.37 %~25.45 %，凹纹胡蜂显著高于其余四种胡蜂（P<0.05）。蛋白质含量为48.50%~50.78%，黑盾胡蜂蛋白质含量最高，五种胡蜂之间差异不显著（P>0.05）。灰分含量为2.45 %~2.83 %，夜食胡蜂预蛹灰分含量最高2.82 %，显著高于其余四种胡蜂（P<0.05）。黄酮含量为18.76 mg/g~24.34 mg/g，黑盾胡蜂黄酮含量显著高于其余四种胡蜂。几丁质含量为4.27 %~6.56 %，大胡蜂几丁质含量显著高于四种胡蜂（P<0.05）。五种胡蜂预蛹中氨基酸种类丰富，尤其是Tyr、Glu、Asp、Leu、Pro，TAA含量在40 %以上，黑尾胡蜂预蛹TAA含量最高为46.66 %；黑尾胡蜂EAA/TAA最高为25.22 %，显著高于凹纹胡蜂、夜食胡蜂（P<0.05）；EAA/NEAA在56.57 %~63.71 %之间，鲜味氨基酸之比在57.37 %~60.77 %，大胡蜂和黑盾胡蜂鲜味氨基酸之比显著高于三种胡蜂（P<0.05）。黑尾胡蜂饱和脂肪酸含量高其余四种胡蜂，黑盾胡蜂与凹纹胡蜂单不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其余三种胡蜂。夜食胡蜂多不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其余四种胡蜂。矿物质元素含量K>P>Mg>Ma>Ca，还含有Fe、Mn、Zn、Al、Cu；而Mo、As、Cd、Pb、Co、Cr未检出，黑尾胡蜂矿物质元素高于其于四种胡蜂。黑尾胡蜂蜂蛹营养成分及活性成分含量相对较高，凹纹胡蜂、大胡蜂、夜食胡蜂、黑盾胡蜂各有优势。 |
| 关键词: 胡蜂，营养成分，活性成分，氨基酸，脂肪酸，矿物质 |
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| 基金项目:云南省龙陵县胡蜂产业科技特派团 |
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| Comparative Analysis of Nutritional Components and Some Bioactive Substances of Five Species of Wasp Prepupa of Wasp Larvae |
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王迪,李静,解道豪,李亚辉,熊婷,杨志月,李志涛,黄国忠,李琦华,杨明华
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| Abstract: |
| In order to clarify the nutritional composition and some bioactive substances of prepupae of the concave hornet (Vespa velutina auraria Smith), black shield hornet (Vespa bicolor Fabricius), large hornet (Vespa magnifica Smith), black-tailed hornet (Vespa ducalis Smith) and the endemic nocturnal predator hornet (Provespa barthelemyi Buysson) from Yunnan, this study collected prepupae of five species of hornets from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province. Provespa barthelemyi Buysson). In this study, we collected pupae of five species of hornets from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, during the prepupal period, and determined the nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, and some bioactive substances with the aim of understanding the nutrient composition of the prepupae of the hornets, the content of some bioactive substances, and the interspecific differences. in order to understand the nutritional composition, content of some bioactive substances and inter-species differences.The results showed that the moisture content of pre-pupae of hornets ranged from 72.65 % to 73.58 %, and the highest moisture content was found in the black-shielded hornet, which was significantly higher than that of the remaining four species of hornets (P<0.05). The fat content in dry matter ranged from 20.37 % to 25.45 %, and was significantly higher in the notched hornet than in the remaining four species (P<0.05). Protein content ranged from 48.50 % to 50.78 %, with the black-shielded hornet having the highest protein content, and the differences among the five species were not significant (P>0.05). Ash content ranged from 2.45 % to 2.83 %, with the highest ash content of 2.82 % in pre-pupae of nocturnal predatory wasps, which was significantly higher than that of the remaining four species of wasps (P<0.05). Flavonoid content ranged from 18.76 mg/g to 24.34 mg/g, and the flavonoid content of the black-shielded wasp was significantly higher than that of the remaining four wasps. The chitin content ranged from 4.27 % to 6.56 %, and the chitin content of the hornet was significantly higher than that of the four species (P<0.05). The pre-pupae of the five species of hornets were rich in amino acids, especially Tyr, Glu, Asp, Leu, and Pro, with TAA content above 40 %, and the highest TAA content of 46.66 % in the pre-pupae of the black-tailed hornet; the EAA/TAA of the black-tailed hornet was the highest at 25.22 %, which was significantly higher than that of the concave hornet and the nocturnal feeder hornet (P<0.05); the EAA/NEAA ranged from 56.57 % to 63.71 %, and the ratio of fresh flavour amino acids ranged from 57.37 % to 60.77 %, and the ratio of fresh flavour amino acids was significantly higher in the greater and black-shielded hornets than in the three species of hornets (P<0.05). The saturated fatty acid content of the black-tailed wasp was higher than that of the remaining four wasps, and the monounsaturated fatty acid content of the black-shielded wasp and the dimpled wasp was higher than that of the remaining three wasps. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the nocturnal feeding wasp was higher than that of the remaining four wasps.The black-tailed hornet has higher mineral content than the four other hornets. Black-tailed hornet pupae were relatively high in nutrients and active ingredients, while the concave hornet, the large hornet, the night-feeding hornet, and the black-shielded hornet each had their own advantages. |
| Key words: wasp, conventional nutrients, active ingredients, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals |
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