| 摘要: |
| 本文对鸟类哈氏腺的解剖学、组织学及生理功能的研究进展进行了综述，对其未来的研究方向进行了展望，以期为此领域的研究提供参考。大多数鸟类哈氏腺的形态大体上无实质性差异，最常见的与家鸡相似：形状不规则，腺体被一层薄的结缔组织包膜隔成不同的小叶。根据小叶结构和排列在腺泡及小管的上皮细胞种类，鸟类哈氏腺可分为三类，即复管泡状腺，复管状腺和混合型腺，复管泡状腺中家鸡为代表，复管状腺中家鸭为代表，混合型中秃鼻乌鸦（Corvus frugilegus）为代表。腺体结构的类型可能与鸟类习性和行为有关。鸟类哈氏腺除最基本的润滑角膜和瞬膜功能外，还是B细胞活化和终末分化以及浆细胞增殖的场所，作为外周免疫器官，与脾脏、法氏囊和盲肠集合淋巴样组织一起构成决定鸟类全身和局部免疫反应的器官系统。 |
| 关键词: 鸟类 哈氏腺 解剖学 组织学 |
| DOI：10.14188/j.ajsh.2023.04.006 |
| 分类号:Q95 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research progress in avian Harderian gland |
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WANG Zhi
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College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering，Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University，Xi’an 710100，Shaanxi，China
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| Abstract: |
| This paper provides a review of the research progress on the anatomy， histology and physiological function of the avian Harderian gland， and prospects its future research directions in order to provide research references in this field. The shape of the Harderian glands in most birds is generally not significantly different， with the most common being similar to that of domestic chickens： the shape is irregular， and the glands are separated into different lobules by a thin layer of connective tissue capsule. Avian Harderian gland can be classified into three distinct types based on the structure of the lobules and the kinds of epithelial cells lining the acini and tubules. Type Ⅰ is compound tubuloalveolar gland， represented by domestic chickens. Type Ⅱ is compound tubular gland， represented by domestic ducks. Type Ⅲ is mixed gland， represented by Corvus frugilegus.The type of gland may be related to avian habitat and behavior. In addition to the basic function of lubricating the cornea and nictitating membrane， the avian Harderian gland is the site of B-cell activation and terminal differentiation as well as plasma cell proliferation. As a peripheral immune organ， the Harderian gland constitutes， together with the spleen， bursa of fabricius and caecal tonsils， the organ system that determines the general and local immune response in birds. |
| Key words: bird Harderian gland anatomy histology |
